This is the accessible text file for CG Presentation number GAO-10- 709CG entitled 'Anticipating and Meeting Accountability Challenges in a Dynamic Environment' which was released on May 13, 2010. This text file was formatted by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) to be accessible to users with visual impairments, as part of a longer term project to improve GAO products' accessibility. Every attempt has been made to maintain the structural and data integrity of the original printed product. Accessibility features, such as text descriptions of tables, consecutively numbered footnotes placed at the end of the file, and the text of agency comment letters, are provided but may not exactly duplicate the presentation or format of the printed version. The portable document format (PDF) file is an exact electronic replica of the printed version. We welcome your feedback. Please E-mail your comments regarding the contents or accessibility features of this document to Webmaster@gao.gov. This is a work of the U.S. government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States. It may be reproduced and distributed in its entirety without further permission from GAO. Because this work may contain copyrighted images or other material, permission from the copyright holder may be necessary if you wish to reproduce this material separately. Anticipating and Meeting Accountability Challenges in a Dynamic Environment: Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity & Efficiency: Lancaster, Pennsylvania: May 5, 2010: Gene L. Dodaro: Acting Comptroller General: U.S. Government Accountability Office: GAO-10-709CG: Overview: * GAO's Strategic Plan: * Trends and related GAO work: * New and ongoing responsibilities for GAO: * Yellow Book update: * International coordination efforts: * Other issues: [End of section] GAO's Planning & Performance Documents: hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/sp.html: Strategic Plan: Performance Plan: Performance & Accountability Report: Strategic Planning Framework: Goal: Provide Timely, Quality Service to the Congress and the Federal Government to: Address Current and Emerging Challenges to the Well- being and Financial Security of the American People related to: Objectives: * Health care needs; * Lifelong learning; * Benefits and protections for workers, families, and children; * Financial security; * Effective system of justice; * Viable communities; * Stable financial system and consumer protection; * Stewardship of natural resources and the environment; * Infrastructure. Goal: Provide Timely, Quality Service to the Congress and the Federal Government to: Respond to Changing Security Threats and the Challenges of Global Interdependence involving: Objectives: * Homeland security; * Military capabilities and readiness; * Advancement of U.S. Interests; * Global market forces. Goal: Help Transform the Federal Government to Address National Challenges by assessing: Objectives: * Government's fiscal position and options for closing gap; * Fraud, waste, and abuse; * Major management challenges and program risks. Goal: Maximize the Value of GAO by Enabling Quality, Timely Service to the Congress and Being a Leading Practices Federal Agency in the areas of: Objectives: * Efficiency, effectiveness and quality; * Diverse and inclusive work environment; * Professional networks and collaboration; * Institutional stewardship and resource management. [End of section] Trend 1: Threats Confronting U.S. National Security Interests: * Regional instability (Middle East, Central Asia, Africa). * Longstanding threats (extremism, terrorism, proliferation of weapons, cybersecurity). * Emerging threats (energy security, climate change, global recession). * Need for new capabilities alongside increasingly constrained resources. Related GAO work: * Reviewing U.S. efforts related to Afghanistan, Iraq and other regions in conflict, including reviewing the effect of drawing down resources in Iraq, providing more resources to Afghanistan, and retooling operations in Pakistan. * Tracking U.S. efforts to combat terrorism abroad. * Reviewing the government's efforts to identify and act on credible threats to homeland and border security, as well as those involving biological, chemical, and nuclear dimensions. * Analyzing the funding and costs of military operations and programs given the fiscal pressures facing the nation. * Evaluate efforts to ensure the reliability, security, and affordability of energy supply infrastructure and assess the implications of climate change for the federal government. [End of Trend 1] Trend 2: Fiscal Sustainability and Debt Challenges: Figure: Debt Held by the Public Under Two Fiscal Policy Simulations: [Refer to PDF for image: line graph] Historical high: 109% in 1946. Year: 2000; Baseline Extended: 35.1%; Alternative: 35.1%. Year: 2001; Baseline Extended: 33.0%; Alternative: 33.0%. Year: 2002; Baseline Extended: 34.1%; Alternative: 34.1%. Year: 2003; Baseline Extended: 36.2%; Alternative: 36.2%. Year: 2004; Baseline Extended: 37.3%; Alternative: 37.3%. Year: 2005; Baseline Extended: 37.5%; Alternative: 37.5%. Year: 2006; Baseline Extended: 36.5%; Alternative: 36.5%. Year: 2007; Baseline Extended: 36.2%; Alternative: 36.2%. Year: 2008; Baseline Extended: 40.1%; Alternative: 40.1%. Year: 2009; Baseline Extended: 53.0%; Alternative: 53.0%; Year: 2010; Baseline Extended: 60.3%; Alternative: 60.7%. Year: 2011; Baseline Extended: 65.3%; Alternative: 68.0%. Year: 2012; Baseline Extended: 66.6%; Alternative: 72.8%. Year: 2013; Baseline Extended: 66.3%; Alternative: 76.2%. Year: 2014; Baseline Extended: 65.6%; Alternative: 79.6%. Year: 2015; Baseline Extended: 65.4%; Alternative: 83.7%. Year: 2016; Baseline Extended: 65.5%; Alternative: 88.3%. Year: 2017; Baseline Extended: 65.5%; Alternative: 93.0%. Year: 2018; Baseline Extended: 65.7%; Alternative: 98.2%. Year: 2019; Baseline Extended: 66.1%; Alternative: 103.8%. Year: 2020; Baseline Extended: 66.7%; Alternative: 109.8%. Year: 2021; Baseline Extended: 67.5%; Alternative: 116.0%. Year: 2022; Baseline Extended: 68.5%; Alternative: 122.0%. Year: 2023; Baseline Extended: 69.8%; Alternative: 128.3%. Year: 2024; Baseline Extended: 71.4%; Alternative: 134.7%. Year: 2025; Baseline Extended: 73.3%; Alternative: 141.4%. Year: 2026; Baseline Extended: 75.6%; Alternative: 148.6%. Year: 2027; Baseline Extended: 78.2%; Alternative: 156.2%. Year: 2028; Baseline Extended: 84.4%; Alternative: 172.5%. Year: 2030; Baseline Extended: 88.0%; Alternative: 181.2%. Year: 2031; Baseline Extended: 91.8%; Alternative: 190.3%. Year: 2032; Baseline Extended: 96.0%; Alternative: 199.8%. Year: 2033; Baseline Extended: 100.5%. Year: 2034; Baseline Extended: 105.2%. Year: 2035; Baseline Extended: 110.2%. Year: 2036; Baseline Extended: 115.5%. Year: 2037; Baseline Extended: 121.0%. Year: 2038; Baseline Extended: 126.8%. Year: 2039; Baseline Extended: 132.8%. Year: 2040; Baseline Extended: 139.1%. Year: 2041; Baseline Extended: 145.5%. Year: 2042; Baseline Extended: 152.2%. Year: 2043; Baseline Extended: 159.1%. Year: 2044; Baseline Extended: 166.2%. Year: 2045; Baseline Extended: 173.5%. Year: 2046; Baseline Extended: 181.0%. Year: 2047; Baseline Extended: 188.7%. Year: 2048; Baseline Extended: 196.8%. Source: GAO. Note: Data are from GAO's January 2010 analysis based on the trustee assumptions for Social Security and Medicare. Some of the increase in debt has been used to purchase financial assets as part of programs to stabilize financial markets and stimulate the economy. The value of these financial assets has not been subtracted from the total debt held by public in our simulations. [End of figure] Table: Challenges Affecting the Federal Budget in the Near Term: 2008: Oldest members of the baby-boom generation became eligible for early Social Security retirement benefits. 2008: Medicare Hospital Insurance (HI) outlays exceeded cash income. 2010: Social Security runs first cash deficit since 1984.[A] 2011: Oldest members of the baby-boom generation become eligible for Medicare. 2014: 45 percent of Medicare outlays funded by general revenue.[B] 2016: Social Security begins running consistent annual cash deficits. 2017: Medicare HI trust fund exhausted. Income sufficient to pay about 81 percent of benefits.[B] 2020: Debt held by the public under GAO's Alternative simulation exceeds the historical high reached in the aftermath of World War II. Source: GAO. a - Based on Congressional Budget Office's (CBO) January 2010 baseline projections. b - Based on 2009 Annual Report of the Boards of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance and Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Funds (May 12, 2009). Projections showing the percentage of funding from general revenue reaching 45 percent by law trigger a "Medicare funding warning," requiring a proposal from the President in response. [End of table] Figure: Combined Federal, State, & Local Surpluses and Deficits (Percent of GDP): [Refer to PDF for image: multiple line graph] Year: 2000; Baseline Extended: federal only: 2.4%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: 2.1%; Alternative: federal only: 2.4%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: 2.1%. Year: 2001; Baseline Extended: federal only: 1.3%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: 0.3%; Alternative: federal only: 1.3%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: 0.3%. Year: 2002; Baseline Extended: federal only: -1.5%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -2.9%; Alternative: federal only: -1.5%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -2.9%. Year: 2003; Baseline Extended: federal only: -3.5%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -4.7%; Alternative: federal only: -3.5%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -4.7%. Year: 2004; Baseline Extended: federal only: -3.6%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -4.5%; Alternative: federal only: -3.6%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -4.5%. Year: 2005; Baseline Extended: federal only: -2.6%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -3.1%; Alternative: federal only: -2.6%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -3.1%. Year: 2006; Baseline Extended: federal only: -1.9%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -2.2%; Alternative: federal only: -1.9%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -2.2%. Year: 2007; Baseline Extended: federal only: -1.2%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -1.8%; Alternative: federal only: -1.2%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -1.8%. Year: 2008; Baseline Extended: federal only: -3.2%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -4.2%; Alternative: federal only: -3.2%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -4.2%. Year: 2009; Baseline Extended: federal only: -9.9%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -10.9%; Alternative: federal only: -9.9%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -10.9%. Year: 2010; Baseline Extended: federal only: -9.2%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -10.2%; Alternative: federal only: -9.6%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -10.6%. Year: 2011; Baseline Extended: federal only: -6.5%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -8%; Alternative: federal only: -8.9%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -10.4%. Year: 2012; Baseline Extended: federal only: -4.1%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -5.6%; Alternative: federal only: -7.7%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -9.2%. Year: 2013; Baseline Extended: federal only: -3.2%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -4.6%; Alternative: federal only: -7.3%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -8.7%. Year: 2014; Baseline Extended: federal only: -2.7%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -4%; Alternative: federal only: -7.2%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -8.5%. Year: 2015; Baseline Extended: federal only: -2.6%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -3.9%; Alternative: federal only: -7.5v Alternative: federal, state, and local: -8.8%. Year: 2016; Baseline Extended: federal only: -2.7%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -4.1%; Alternative: federal only: -8%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -9.3%. Year: 2017; Baseline Extended: federal only: -2.6%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -4%; Alternative: federal only: -8.3%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -9.7%. Year: 2018; Baseline Extended: federal only: -2.6%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -4.1%; Alternative: federal only: -8.7%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -10.2%. Year: 2019; Baseline Extended: federal only: -3%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -4.5%; Alternative: federal only: -9.5%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -11%. Year: 2020; Baseline Extended: federal only: -3%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -4.6%; Alternative: federal only: -10%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -11.5%. Year: 2021; Baseline Extended: federal only: -3.3%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -4.9%; Alternative: federal only: -10.3%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -11.9%. Year: 2022; Baseline Extended: federal only: -3.6%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -5.3%; Alternative: federal only: -10.7%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -12.3%. Year: 2023; Baseline Extended: federal only: -4%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -5.6%; Alternative: federal only: -11%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -12.7%. Year: 2024; Baseline Extended: federal only: -4.3%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -6%; Alternative: federal only: -11.4%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -13.1%. Year: 2025; Baseline Extended: federal only: -4.7%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -6.4%; Alternative: federal only: -11.9%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -13.7%. Year: 2026; Baseline Extended: federal only: -5%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -6.9%; Alternative: federal only: -12.5%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -14.4%. Year: 2027; Baseline Extended: federal only: -5.4%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -7.3%; Alternative: federal only: -13.2%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -15%. Year: 2028; Baseline Extended: federal only: -5.8v Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -7.8%; Alternative: federal only: -13.8%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -15.8%. Year: 2029; Baseline Extended: federal only: -6.2%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -8.3%; Alternative: federal only: -14.4v Alternative: federal, state, and local: -16.5%. Year: 2030; Baseline Extended: federal only: -6.7%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -8.8%; Alternative: federal only: -15.1%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -17.2%. Year: 2031; Baseline Extended: federal only: -7.1%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -9.3%; Alternative: federal only: -15.8%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -18%. Year: 2032; Baseline Extended: federal only: -7.5%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -9.8%; Alternative: federal only: -16.5%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -18.7%. Year: 2033; Baseline Extended: federal only: -8%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -10.3%; Alternative: federal only: -17.2%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -19.5%. Year: 2034; Baseline Extended: federal only: -8.4%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -10.9%; Alternative: federal only: -17.9%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -20.3%. Year: 2035; Baseline Extended: federal only: -8.8%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -11.4%; Alternative: federal only: -18.6%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -21.1%. Year: 2036; Baseline Extended: federal only: -9.3%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -11.9%; Alternative: federal only: -19.3%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -21.9%. Year: 2037; Baseline Extended: federal only: -9.7%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -12.5%; Alternative: federal only: -20%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -22.8%. Year: 2038; Baseline Extended: federal only: -10.2%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -13%; Alternative: federal only: -20.7%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -23.6%. Year: 2039; Baseline Extended: federal only: -10.6%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -13.6%; Alternative: federal only: -21.4%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -24.4%. Year: 2040; Baseline Extended: federal only: -11%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -14.1%; Alternative: federal only: -22.1%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -25.2%. Year: 2041; Baseline Extended: federal only: -11.5%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -14.6%; Alternative: federal only: -22.9%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -26%. Year: 2042; Baseline Extended: federal only: -11.9%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -15.2%; Alternative: federal only: -23.6%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -26.9%. Year: 2043; Baseline Extended: federal only: -12.3%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -15.7%; Alternative: federal only: -24.3%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -27.7%. Year: 2044; Baseline Extended: federal only: -12.8%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -16.3%; Alternative: federal only: -25.1%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -28.6%. Year: 2045; Baseline Extended: federal only: -13.3%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -16.9%; Alternative: federal only: -25.9%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -29.5%. Year: 2046; Baseline Extended: federal only: -13.7%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -17.4%; Alternative: federal only: -26.6%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -30.3%. Year: 2047; Baseline Extended: federal only: -14.2%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -18%; Alternative: federal only: -27.4%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -31.2%. Year: 2048; Baseline Extended: federal only: -14.7%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -18.6%; Alternative: federal only: -28.2%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -32.2%. Year: 2049; Baseline Extended: federal only: -15.2%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -19.3%; Alternative: federal only: -29%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -33.1%. Year: 2050; Baseline Extended: federal only: -15.7%; Baseline Extended: federal, state, and local: -19.9%; Alternative: federal only: -29.9%; Alternative: federal, state, and local: -34.1%. Source: GAO. Note: Data are from GAO's January 2010 federal simulations and March 2010 state and local simulations. [End of figure] Related GAO work: * Conducting work to assess duplication and overlap among federal programs and agencies. * Identifying elements to help address the nation's financial challenges including Social Security, tax reform, retirement, and disability programs; opportunities to reduce spending; and reducing the gap between taxes owed and taxes collected. * Performing financial statement audits (IRS, Schedule of Federal Debt, FDIC, FHA, Consolidated Financial Statements, SEC). * Performing long-term fiscal simulations and analyses of federal deficits, federal debt levels, and the state and local sector. * Identifying and recommending solutions to reduce the risk of waste, fraud, and abuse and improper payments. [End of Trend 2] Trend 3: Economic Recovery and Restored Growth: * Different scenarios for economic recovery; * Replacement of lost jobs; * Role of consumers; * Housing and commercial real estate; * The timing of fiscal & monetary support; * Managing concerns about inflation. Figure: Private Investment Has Fallen Sharply, but is Starting to Recover: [Refer to PDF for image: line graph] Billions of constant 2005 dollars: Periods of recession indicated on the graph: 1953; 1957; 1960; 1973-74; 1980; 1982; 1990; 2001; 2008-2010. Year: 1950; Private investment: $215.6. Year: 1951; Private investment: $264.8. Year: 1952; Private investment: $234.5. Year: 1953; Private investment: $247.5. Year: 1954; Private investment: $221.6. Year: 1955; Private investment: $268.7. Year: 1956; Private investment: $286.0. Year: 1957; Private investment: $271.7. Year: 1958; Private investment: $235.7. Year: 1959; Private investment: $271.6. Year: 1960; Private investment: $331.7. Year: 1961; Private investment: $266.4. Year: 1962; Private investment: $334.3. Year: 1963; Private investment: $343.7. Year: 1964; Private investment: $379.5. Year: 1965; Private investment: $429.1. Year: 1966; Private investment: $484.2. Year: 1967; Private investment: $460.00. Year: 1968; Private investment: $472.9. Year: 1969; Private investment: $512.7. Year: 1970; Private investment: $476.9. Year: 1971; Private investment: $478.4. Year: 1972; Private investment: $534.0. Year: 1973; Private investment: $595.5. Year: 1974; Private investment: $675.8. Year: 1975; Private investment: $628.1. Year: 1976; Private investment: $476.1. Year: 1977; Private investment: $610.5. Year: 1978; Private investment: $696.1. Year: 1979; Private investment: $777.5. Year: 1980; Private investment: $781.1. Year: 1981; Private investment: $795.1. Year: 1982; Private investment: $692.5. Year: 1983; Private investment: $645.1. Year: 1984; Private investment: $921.8. Year: 1985; Private investment: $927.4. Year: 1986; Private investment: $967.4. Year: 1987; Private investment: $945.8. Year: 1988; Private investment: $964.4. Year: 1989; Private investment: $1046.0. Year: 1990; Private investment: $1021.1. Year: 1991; Private investment: $896.2 Year: 1992; Private investment: $927.8. Year: 1993; Private investment: $1055.0. Year: 1994; Private investment: $1166.9. Year: 1995; Private investment: $1282.1. Year: 1996; Private investment: $1287.1. Year: 1997; Private investment: $1451.3. Year: 1998; Private investment: $1672.7. Year: 1999; Private investment: $1810.0 Year: 2000; Private investment: $1887.8. Year: 2001; Private investment: $1882.7. Year: 2002; Private investment: $1789.3. Year: 2003; Private investment: $1813.1. Year: 2004; Private investment: $1970.0. Year: 2005; Private investment: $2170.3. Year: 2006; Private investment: $2131.5. Year: 2007; Private investment: $2264.7. Year: 2008; Private investment: $2132.6. Year: 2009; Private investment: $2026.5. Year: 2010; Private investment: $1601.7. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce. [End of figure] Related GAO work: * Assessing the effectiveness of financial and regulatory reform efforts and plans to ensure the stability of the overall banking, housing, and financial markets. * Monitoring and evaluating various federal assistance programs designed stabilize U.S. financial markets and boost the economy, including investments in infrastructure and job expansion. * Continuing to perform our responsibilities under the Recovery Act. * Providing analysis on the functioning of the mortgage market and the ultimate disposition of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. * Monitoring services to assist job seekers and supports for low- income families. [End of Trend 3] Trend 4: The Changing Dynamics of Global Interdependence: Figure: International Reserves in Developing & Emerging Economies Have Increased More Than Twelvefold: [Refer to PDF for image: multiple line graph] Dollars in trillions: Year: 1990; Emerging and Developing Economies: $0.36; Advanced Economies: $0.63; World: $0.99. Year: 1991; Emerging and Developing Economies: $0.27; Advanced Economies: $0.78; World: $1.05. Year: 1992; Emerging and Developing Economies: $0.28; Advanced Economies: $0.77; World: $1.05. Year: 1993; Emerging and Developing Economies: $0.34; Advanced Economies: $0.81; World: $1.15. Year: 1994; Emerging and Developing Economies: $0.40; Advanced Economies: $0.91; World: $1.31. Year: 1995; Emerging and Developing Economies: $0.50; Advanced Economies: $1.03; World: $1.53. Year: 1996; Emerging and Developing Economies: $0.59; Advanced Economies: $1.11; World: $1.70. Year: 1997; Emerging and Developing Economies: $0.65; Advanced Economies: $1.11; World: $1.76. Year: 1998; Emerging and Developing Economies: $0.66; Advanced Economies: $1.15; World: $1.81. Year: 1999; Emerging and Developing Economies: $0.70; Advanced Economies: $1.23; World: $1.93. Year: 2000; Emerging and Developing Economies: $0.76; Advanced Economies: $1.31; World: $2.07. Year: 2001; Emerging and Developing Economies: $0.85; Advanced Economies: $1.35; World: $2.19. Year: 2002; Emerging and Developing Economies: $1.02; Advanced Economies: $1.55; World: $2.57. Year: 2003; Emerging and Developing Economies: $1.32; Advanced Economies: $1.88; World: $3.21. Year: 2004; Emerging and Developing Economies: $1.75; Advanced Economies: $2.18; World: $3.92. Year: 2005; Emerging and Developing Economies: $2.16; Advanced Economies: $2.13; World: $4.29. Year: 2006; Emerging and Developing Economies: $2.85; Advanced Economies: $2.30; World: $5.14. Year: 2007; Emerging and Developing Economies: $4.04; Advanced Economies: $2.47; World: $6.52. Year: 2008; Emerging and Developing Economies: $4.50; Advanced Economies: $2.54; World: $7.03. Source: GAO analysis of International Monetary Fund data. [End of figure] Related GAO work: * Understanding the effects of a global supplier base on U.S. national security interests and evaluating the effectiveness of programs to protect critical technologies. * Evaluating efforts to ensure a safe food supply. * Evaluating the effectiveness of federal programs to prevent, prepare for, and respond to public health emergencies. * Evaluating programs to improve the U.S. image abroad. * Assessing U.S. export promotion programs and other trade-related jobs creation efforts. * Analyzing energy market regulation, competition, and information. [End of Trend 4] Trend 5: Advances in Science and Technology: * Nanotechnology; * Biomedical technology; * Information technology: - Quantum computing; - Cloud computing; - Virtualization technologies; - Health IT. Figure: China Has Caught Up to the United States in Terms of the Number of Scientific Researchers: [Refer to PDF for image: multiple line graph] Full-time equivalents (in thousands): Year: 1995; Russia: 8; Taiwan: No data; Singapore: 610; China: 522; South Korea: 100; Japan: 673; European Union: 964; United States: 1036. Year: 1996; Russia: 9; Taiwan: 46; Singapore: 562; China: 548; South Korea: 99; Japan: 617; European Union: 960; United States: 1098. Year: 1997; Russia: 10; Taiwan: 48; Singapore: 533; China: 589; South Korea: 103; Japan: 625; European Union: 956; United States: 1160. Year: 1998; Russia: 11; Taiwan: 54; Singapore: 493; China: 486; South Korea: 93; Japan: 653; European Union: 994; United States: 1210. Year: 1999; Russia: 13; Taiwan: 55; Singapore: 497; China: 531; South Korea: 100; Japan: 659; European Union: 1036; United States: 1261. Year: 2000; Russia: 17; Taiwan: 56; Singapore: 506; China: 695; South Korea: 108; Japan: 648; European Union: 1079; United States: 1289. Year: 2001; Russia: 17; Taiwan: 60; Singapore: 506; China: 743; South Korea: 136; Japan: 676; European Union: 1116; United States: 1320. Year: 2002; Russia: 18; Taiwan: 70; Singapore: 492; China: 811; South Korea: 142; Japan: 647; European Union: 1174; United States: 1343. Year: 2003; Russia: 20; Taiwan: 75; Singapore: 488; China: 862; South Korea: 151; Japan: 675; European Union: 1206; United States: 1431. Year: 2004; Russia: 21; Taiwan: 81; Singapore: 478; China: 926; South Korea: 156; Japan: 677; European Union: 1239; United States: 1394. Year: 2005; Russia: 24; Taiwan: 89; Singapore: 465; China: 1119; South Korea: 180; Japan: 705; European Union: 1292; United States: 1388. Year: 2006; Russia: 25; Taiwan: 95; Singapore: 464; China: 1224; South Korea: 200; Japan: 710; European Union: 1342; United States: 1426. Year: 2007; Russia: 27; Taiwan: 104; Singapore: 469; China: 1423; South Korea: 222; Japan: 710; European Union: 1360; United States: 1442. Source: National Science Board. Note: 2007 data for United States are estimated based on annual growth rate between 1995 and 2006. [End of figure] Related GAO work: * Performing specialized studies and technology assessments of a wide range of science and technology issues, such as climate change, the challenges of developing sophisticated space and defense systems, and green energy. * Reviewing the effectiveness of computer and network security at federal agencies to better ensure the protection of government and personal information. * Assessing the government's planning, implementation, and use of IT. * Assessing the management and results of the federal investment in science and technology and the effectiveness of efforts to protect intellectual property. * Reviewing federal efforts to turn around low-performing schools, to enhance oversight of charter schools, and to establish effective teacher evaluation and compensation programs. [End of Trend 5] Trend 6: Increasing Impact of Networks and Virtualization: * Less-expensive technology that is increasingly more powerful. * Greater prevalence of wireless networks. * More powerful portable devices. * Increased collaboration and sharing at home, in school, and at work. * Consumers are becoming content creators. * Location and time independence (telework, virtual meetings). Related GAO work: * Assessing federal efforts to promote affordable access to telephone and broadband Internet services. * Reviewing the management of government telecommunications and interconnected systems and federal agencies' effectiveness in providing secure, reliable, and fast Internet and Web connections. * Assessing DHS's efforts to enhance the resiliency of critical national assets, networks, and systems. * Analyzing and supporting efforts to improve the federal workforce infrastructure. [End of Trend 6] Trend 7: Shifting Roles in Government and Governance: * Evolving roles for the public, private, and NGO sectors. * Contracting. * State and local government. * Non-profit and non-governmental organizations. Related GAO work: * Focusing on major areas that are at high-risk, including the U.S. Postal Service's financial condition, oversight of food and drug safety, and cybersecurity efforts. * Assessing the government's strategy for managing its reliance on contractors to ensure that agencies determine the right mix of as well as proper roles and responsibilities for government and contractor employees. * Identifying ways to improve the acquisition of goods and services by federal agencies. * Identifying opportunities to improve the coordination, collaboration, and governance of networks of governmental and nongovernmental organizations to address complex national issues. [End of Trend 7] Trend 8: Demographic and Societal Changes Confronting Young and Old: Figure: Fewer Workers Will Be Supporting Each Retiree: [Refer to PDF for image: line graph] Year: 1960; Covered workers per OASDI beneficiary (percentage), Historical: 5.1. Year: 1970; Covered workers per OASDI beneficiary (percentage), Historical: 3.7. Year: 1980; Covered workers per OASDI beneficiary (percentage), Historical: 3.2. Year: 1990; Covered workers per OASDI beneficiary (percentage), Historical: 3.4. Year: 2000; Covered workers per OASDI beneficiary (percentage), Historical: 3.4 Year: 2010; Covered workers per OASDI beneficiary (percentage), Estimated: 3.0. Year: 2020; Covered workers per OASDI beneficiary (percentage), Estimated: 2.4. Year: 2030; Covered workers per OASDI beneficiary (percentage), Estimated: 2.2. Year: 2040; Covered workers per OASDI beneficiary (percentage), Estimated: 2.1. Year: 2050; Covered workers per OASDI beneficiary (percentage), Estimated: 2.1. Year: 2060; Covered workers per OASDI beneficiary (percentage), Estimated: 2.1. Year: 2070; Covered workers per OASDI beneficiary (percentage), Estimated: 2.0. Year: 2080; Covered workers per OASDI beneficiary (percentage), Estimated: 2.0. Year: 2085; Covered workers per OASDI beneficiary (percentage), Estimated: 1.9. Source: Social Security and Medicare Boards of Trustees. [End of figure] Related GAO work: * Supporting health care financing and reform efforts through analyses of Medicare, Medicaid, and other health programs. * Assessing policy and administrative challenges to the federal government in providing for Americans' financial security in retirement, as well as options and strategies to help individuals ensure retirement security for themselves and their families. * Assessing financial and administrative challenges to providing employer-sponsored pensions and retaining older Americans in the workforce, and their implications for retirement security. * Evaluating the federal government's efforts to assist communities with combating crime and to safely and effectively manage a growing federal prison population. [End of Trend 8] [End of section] Other New & Ongoing Work for GAO: * High-Risk List. - 2010 Census. * Overlap and duplication in government agencies and programs. * Appointing members of health care advisory committees, commissions, and boards. - Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. - Other existing laws. Table: Commissions/Committees/Boards Appointed by GAO under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA): Name: Advisory Board to Consumer Operated and Oriented Plan (COOP) Program; Number and Term: 15 members; Board terminates when it completes duties or by Dec 31, 2015; Appointment Date: June 23, 2010. Name: National Health Care Workforce commission; Number and Term: 15 members; staggered 3-year terms; Appointment Date: September 30, 2010. Name: Governing Board, Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCOR); Number and Term: 19 members, plus NIH and AHRQ Directors are also members; staggered 6-year terms; Appointment Date: September 23, 2010. Name: Methodology Committee, PCOR Institute; Number and Term: Up to 15 members, including AHRQ and NIH Directors; Appointment Date: November/December, 2010 (related to timing of establishment of PCOR). Name: Medicare Consumer Advisory Council; Number and Term: 10 members; Appointment Date: 2014 (related to creation of Independent Payment Advisory Board). Name: Review Panel for Applicants to State Demonstration Program for developing alternatives to current tort litigation for dispute resolutions for health providers; Number and Term: At least 9 but not more than 13; Appointment Date: (related to establishment of program by DHHS). [End of table] Table: Commissions/Committees/Boards Currently Appointed by GAO under Other Laws: Name: Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MedPAC); Number and Term: 17 members; staggered 3-year terms; Appointment Date/Month: May, annually. Name: Medicaid and CHIP Payment and Access Commission (MACPAC); Number and Term: 17 members; staggered 3-year terms; Appointment Date/Month: January, annually. Name: Health Information Technology Policy Committee (HIT); Number and Term: 13 members; staggered 3-year terms; Appointment Date/Month: April, annually. [End of section] 2011 Yellow Book: Projected Dates: June 2010: * Issue Exposure Draft of 2011 Revision of GAGAS. September 2010: * Comments due on Exposure Draft, February - March 2011: * Issue 2011 Revision of GAGAS. * Effective date to be determined. [End of section] International Coordination: Donor Funding Initiative: * Addresses need to augment and strengthen support to Supreme Audit Institutions (SAls) in developing countries. * MOU signed in Brussels in October 2009 by INTOSAI and 15 Donors: - African Development Bank, European Commission, Inter-American Development Bank, IMF, World Bank, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States. INTOSAI Global Financial Crisis Task Force: * INTOSAI chair asked GAO to lead the Task Force. * GAO hosted kick-off meeting in June 2009. * 25 countries formed 4 subgroups looking at origins of the crisis and how to avoid future crises. * First subgroup reports are expected in June 2010. [End of section] On the Web: Web site: [hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/cghome/index.html] Contact: Chuck Young, Managing Director, Public Affairs: YoungC1@gao.gov (202) 512-4800: U.S. Government Accountability Office: 441 G Street NW, Room 7149: Washington, D.C. 20548: Copyright: This is a work of the U.S. government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States. The published product may be reproduced and distributed in its entirety without further permission from GAO. However, because this work may contain copyrighted images or other material, permission from the copyright holder may be necessary if you wish to reproduce this material separately. [End of presentation]